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initially focusing almost exclusively on non-Western material culture. This early focus often served to categorize, marginalize, and hierarchize the originating cultures. During the "golden age" of museum-going, material cultures were used to illustrate a supposed social evolution, contrasting the simple objects of non-Westerners to the advanced objects of Europeans. It was a way of positioning European society at the final, most evolved stage, with non-Westerners at the beginning. Eventually, scholars left the

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