static medium, in which the matter is not moving. They also consider moving media.

Approximate pointwise radiative equilibrium

Karl Schwarzschild in 1906 considered a system in which convection and radiation both operated but radiation was so much more efficient than convection that convection could be, as an approximation, neglected, and radiation could be considered predominant. This applies when the temperature is very high, as for example in a star, but not in a planet's atmosphere.

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