the grain (easy; giving a clean result)
* against the grain (heavy going; giving a poor result such as chipping or tear-out)
* across the grain (direction of cut is across the grain lines, but the plane of the cut is still aligned with them)
* end grain (at right angles to the grain, for example trimming the end of a plank)

Woods with straight grains are the easiest to work, while woods with interlocked grains are the most difficult.

Support

Grain alignment must be considered when joining

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