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Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (; October 796 - 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Mu?tasim bi?llah (??????? ?????, ), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 until his death in 842. When al-Ma'mun died unexpectedly on campaign in August 833, al-Mu'tasim was thus well placed to succeed him, with the support of the powerful chief , Ahmad ibn Abi Duwad,

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