Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 - 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist, artist and one of the most important figures in the 18th century period of Enlightenment in Spain.

Cavanilles is most famous for his 2-volume book on Spanish flora, published in 1795 and titled 'Observations on the Natural History, Geography and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Valencia'.He named many plants, particularly from