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Charles Emmanuel I (, Piedmontese: Carl Emanuel I; 12 January 1562 - 26 July 1630), known as the Great and nicknamed '''Testa di Fuoco''' (Piedmontese: Testa d'feu; "Hothead", a sobriquet attributed to his aggressive and rash military character), was the 11th Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 30 August 1580 until his death on 26 July 1630, nearly 50 years later. At the time of his

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