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Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O₂) and a raised level of free hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Euxinic bodies of water are frequently strongly stratified; have an oxic, highly productive, thin surface layer; and have anoxic, sulfidic bottom water. The word "euxinia" is derived from the

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