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<p><b>Observational error</b> (or <b>measurement error</b>) is the difference between a <a href="page.php?w=measurement">measured</a> value of a <a href="page.php?w=physical_quantity">quantity</a> and its unknown <a href="page.php?w=true_value">true value</a>. Such errors are inherent in the measurement process; for example lengths measured with a ruler calibrated in whole centimeters will have a measurement error of several millimeters. The error or uncertainty of a measurement can be estimated and is specified with the measurement, for example,</p><p>
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