Petitioning (, literally "letters and visits") is the administrative system for hearing complaints and grievances from individuals in the People's Republic of China. It is a common tool for dispute resolution in the country.

When the petitioner is unsatisfied about the result of Petitioning at lower levels, they have the right to "raise" the case upwards. This approach is known as shangfang, i.e. Up-Petitioning (, literally "upward visits").

Origins

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