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<p><b>Pope Urban II</b> (;  - 29 July 1099), otherwise known as <b>Odo of Châtillon</b> or <b>Otho de Lagery</b>, was the head of the <a href="page.php?w=Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</a> and ruler of the <a href="page.php?w=Papal_States">Papal States</a> from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening the <a href="page.php?w=Council_of_Clermont">Council of Clermont</a>, which ignited the series of <a href="page.php?w=Christianity_and_violence">Catholic military expeditions</a> known as the <a href="page.php?w=Crusades">Crusades</a>.</p><p>
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