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Puddling is a traditional civil engineering technique used to create watertight barriers in canals, reservoirs, and earthworks by compacting clay to prevent water leakage. The process involves kneading, mixing, and compacting clay--often with water--to form an impermeable layer known as puddle clay. This method has historically been essential in the construction of canals, dams, and embankments, particularly before the development of modern waterproofing materials.

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