Tewodros II (, once referred to by the English cognate Theodore; baptized as Kassa, - 13 April 1868) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1855 until his death in 1868. His rule is often placed as the beginning of modern Ethiopia and brought an end to the decentralized Zemene Mesafint (Era of the Princes).

Although Tewodros II's origins were in the Era of the Princes, his ambitions were not those of the