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Tonkin , or Bac Ky , was a French protectorate encompassing modern Northern Vietnam from 1883 to 1949. Like the French protectorate of Annam, Tonkin was still nominally ruled by the Vietnamese Nguyen dynasty. In 1886, the French separated Tonkin from the Nguyen imperial court in Hue by establishing the office of "Viceroy" (, Kinh

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