Vogelfrei ( and ) in German usage denotes the status of a person on whom a legal penalty of outlawry has been imposed. However, the original meaning of the term referred to independence, being "free as a bird".

History and etymology

Originally, the word vogelfrei merely meant "as free as a bird, not bound." That is the usage in a German source from 1455. Even Martin Luther (1483-1546) and Huldrych Zwingli

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