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<p><b>Energy Transfer Upconversion</b> or <b>ETU</b> is a physical principle (most commonly encountered in <a href="page.php?w=solid-state_laser">solid-state laser</a> physics) that involves the excitation of a <a href="page.php?w=laser-active_ion">laser-active ion</a> to a level above that which would be achieved by simple absorption of a pump photon, the required additional energy being transferred from another laser-active ion undergoing nonradiative deexcitation.</p>

<p>ETU involves two fundamental ideas: energy transfer and upconversion. The</p><p>
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