Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Romania and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching, and further education, which usually includes a second dissertation.

The degree, sometimes abbreviated dr. habil. Doctor habilitatus, dr hab. doktor habilitowany, or D.Sc.