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Tears (tear film) are a transparent fluid secreted primarily by the lacrimal glands (tear gland) found in the eyes of all land mammals. According to the mode of production, tears are classified into four types: basal, closed eye, emotional, and reflex. The basal rate of tear secretion is ~0.5-2.2 uL/min, and irritation can increase secretion by up to ~100-fold, reaching ~300 uL/min. Tears are made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids,

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